Okay... so yes, same issue I was able to confirm.
It looks like WordPress made a change recently so if the filename of a media image is a URL, it attempts to do an HTTP PUT to the URL without authentication (honestly not sure WordPress devs would think that's a good idea since I can't imagine a scenario where any web server is going to allow a direct upload like that without authentication).
Working on making some changes that will intercept that HTTP PUT on the latest versions of WordPress. In the meantime, a workaround you could do is on the media image, click the Edit more details link. There, you have the ability to move an individual item back and forth between R2 and local. Not the long term way to do it, but until we get the HTTP PUT intercept fully built and tested, you could move an image from R2 to local, do the edits, then move it from local back to R2 (that should at least be a viable workaround that will work today).